November 21 is World Television Day (World Television Day). The founder of this festival is the General Assembly of the United Nations, which has declared this day in its resolution of 17 December 1996. This day was chosen to commemorate the date of the first World Television Forum was held on 21-22 November 1996. On it the leading figures of the media met under the auspices of the United Nations to discuss the growing importance of television in the world, and to consider possible ways of strengthening their mutual cooperation.
UN General Assembly proposed to celebrate this date in order to encourage the exchange of television programs, primarily focusing on issues such as peace, security, economic and social development and the enhancement of cultural exchanges.
Today, the world is left states not covered in broadcasting. The largest broadcasting companies of the world are NBC, ABC – in the United States; BBC – in the UK RAI – in Italy; NHK – Japan, ZDF – Germany, etc. They are successful in their television broadcasting activity and inform citizens of many countries around the world about the most important events.
first experiments using electron beams to transmit and receive images on certain distances were still in the early 20-ies of XX century in the United States, Japan and the Soviet Union. In 1933, Russian-born American engineer Vladimir Zvorykin managed to invent a cathode tube, which for a long time been a major part of most TVs. With the opening of Zworykin in 1936 were started regular TV shows in the UK and Germany, and in 1941 – in the United States. However, only in the 1950s, television has received mass distribution in Europe. In most developing countries, their own state and private TV stations have arisen later in the 1960′s – early 1970′s.
history of Russian television has its origins in experimental television broadcasts that took place in Moscow as early as 1930 by malokadrovogo mechanical television system. In 1932 he hosted the first broadcast of the moving image. In 1937 he organized the first television center on Shabolovke. Since 1938, it carried out an experimental broadcasting based on electronic systems, and in 1939 began regular television. First transmission was a demonstration of the film on the opening of the 18th Congress of the CPSU (b).
first Soviet TV shows and their first audience. Archival footage
Later the active development of television in the Soviet Union, but the war. Two days before graduation – May 7, 1945 – Telecentre on Shabolovke resumed broadcasting, and on December 15 the same year, the first in Europe has started regular broadcasting twice a week.
Currently, traditional analog TV is almost exhausted its possibilities. In 2009, Russia was the start of the transition to digital terrestrial broadcasting. In order to as soon as possible to cover the entire population of digital broadcasting, the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 3, 2009 ? 985 approved the federal target program “Development of broadcasting in the Russian Federation for 2009-2015″.
According to the program, the ability to receive free compulsory nationwide public TV channels in digital format will be provided to the population of Russia on the basis of the state system of air terrestrial television broadcasting by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network” (RTRS). For delivery of broadcast programming in the regions will be constructed thousands of ground facilities of communication and launched new spacecraft.
is expected that the population of the Russian Federation, is not covered in broadcasting, in the final phase of the program should be less than a thousand people, the proportion of the population of Russia, which has the ability to receive the mandatory TV and radio channels – 100% area of ??the territory of the RF subjects covered by digital terrestrial TV and radio channels required (covering at least 50% of the population of the subject of the Russian Federation) – 17,098,200 square kilometers, the proportion of the population of Russia, which has the ability to receive free access to 20 TV channels, – 97,6%.
during 2009-2013 to RTRS led construction of digital terrestrial television broadcasting in the regions of the first, second and third stages of the creation of networks in a number of pilot areas in the European part of the country.
As a result of this work is already 69.4% of the Russians were able to view the channels of the first multiplex, or package, which includes 10 channels. There is a start broadcasting the second multiplex. Essential terrestrial television broadcasting in digital format launched in 80 regions of Russia.
The funding of the federal target program “Development of broadcasting in Russia in 2009-2015″ is 122.4 billion rubles, including from the federal budget will allocate 76.4 billion rubles.
assumed that air television broadcasting in analog format on the territory of the Russian Federation will be completely phased out July 1, 2018. Regions will implement the shutdown of analog TV as soon as available. According to the previously adopted regulations for off analog TV in the region should be provided digital TV at least 95% of the population.
material is based on the RIA Novosti and open source
Please rate the article. Your opinion is important to us.
No comments:
Post a Comment