TV in our country began to be produced at the Minsk Radio Factory in 1954 (model of “Belarus”). But it was the first mass television domestic production. And the very first TV set in our country has been assembled by hand, before the war. See escapes the entire district.
The first in Belarus and one of the first in the Soviet Union
Henry Bortnovsky was born in 1907 in Novo-Borisov (Borisov current). Seventeen year old guy already living in Minsk, he read in the magazine “Technology and Life” description detektoronogo radio S.Shaposhnikova design.
Henry set about trying to raise the receiver, for which he even had to develop production technology for crystal detector home of zinc chips
But no transfer it is not caught, despite the fact that as an antenna used the roof of a neighbor’s house:. while its own transmitter in Minsk was not, and instead of music he heard only thunder peals. But soon after the start of operation of the first radio station Minsk of the “Small Comintern” (with capacity of 1.8 kW), the radio finally sounded.
At eighteen Henry enrolled in the vocational school, where he studied for three years and then – in the Vitebsk Polytechnic, where he studied for three years. There he became a member of the “Society of Friends of Radio” and built several amateur designs
In 1931, he first published in the journal “Radiofront” (published in 1946 under the current name “Radio”). Describes the KV-design . radio
and soon interested in watching TV and master – as always, at home – their first television. It was a simple design with a plywood disk Nipkow (used for imaging – a kind of horizontal version) and the size of a matchbox screen. On the eve of 1933, Henry A. has received from Moscow New Year transfer.
TV Bortnovsky became the first in the territory of modern Belarus and one of the first in the entire USSR. More than two years later, in the number 03 for 1935, “Radiofront” magazine wrote: «Hundreds of letters coming to the editor” Russian “from different cities of the Soviet Union, saying that telelyubitelstvo there is not a question of tomorrow, as of today. More than 200 TV is available, and hundreds of fans want them to have ».
TV Collect cheaper than radio
How to meet the demand for televisions? It may not after all be the technical genius to collect television sets itself!
Today, virtually impossible to imagine that the TV can be made at home, in makeshift conditions. It’s incredibly difficult: electronic circuit, CRT (or LCD matrix), chips and so on. Meanwhile, in the same issue of the magazine read: «In fact, it turns out that the TV complexity and cost some even lower than the average amateur receiver»
And further:. «The design circle telelyubiteley with wording “RF” has set a goal – to give a number of designs of TVs, which with a relatively small cost them and the possibility of manufacturing in the presence of a minimum number of tools that would give reasonably good results »
One of the first issues of the magazine for the year 1937 are confirmed by data on low cost.: «The most successful design is to recognize TV TRF-1 (TV Radiofronta first). He developed telelaboratoriey magazine “Radiofront” and is described in number 15 in 1936. It is very cheap -. The cost of parts for its assembly only 13 rubles »
By the way, a subscription to the magazine itself was worth 6 rubles for six months – that is to say, the TV can be collected for about the cost of an annual subscription
not all televisions were so.. For example, a model with mirror screw allowed to watch programs at the same time 10-15 viewers, but the cost of parts for such construction reached 150 rubles …
Beta testers TV
How often can be watching TV and eighty years ago
Read the magazine pages:? «Schedule of the Moscow TV. Television broadcasts are conducted on a regular basis on the night even on the odd numbers from 12 am (Moscow time). The image is transmitted through RTSZ station (λ = 1.107 m, 271 CC, 100 kW). An attendant image of the sound transmitted through the All station (λ = 748 m, 401 CC, 100 kW). The number of lines 30. The number of frames per second to 12.5. Scan horizontal ».
Let us add that the transfer lasted only half an hour.
By Henry Bortnovsky came the familiar and unfamiliar people, to see the first transmission. Since the screen is tiny, the audience had to look in the eye at a time
The city newspaper “Business” wrote:. « The Belarusian Radio Committee January 30 organized at the apartment t Bortnovsky view telecast from Moscow.. About half a dozen radio amateurs have watched and listened to the performances of the best people in the country ».
Since television was the only one that has become a sort of controller Bortnovsky quality or, if you will, the first tester broadcasting in the country. Its archives contain the following telegram:. “To immediately telegraph TELL YOUR EXPERIENCE TODAY BROADCAST BOXING AT MOSCOW TVNZ Grandma»
And Henry Bortnovsky was not the only such tester: in different parts of the country (sometimes the most real bear corners) hams were making televisions and took the night transfer, sharing and then a television studio with their observations.
«Radioforont” magazine New year Eve room (number 24 of 1935), a half-dozen pages under the headline “We see Moscow” devoted so called “telepereklichke” – the collective view TV programs in different cities. Arkhangelsk, Leningrad, Omsk, Smolensk, Voronezh, Kiev, Gorky, Ivanovo and other cities took Moscow transmission.
In many cities, there were just one or two telelyubitelya. At the same time, notes the magazine in a programmatic article, radio plant has not yet been released to the market no TV or even a special teledetali: elements such as disk Nipkow teleradiolyubiteli still had to make their own
TVs. exhibition
And that’s our Henry Bortnovsky? He continued to build TVs
In 1935, the magazine “Radiofront” announces the 1st correspondence Funkausstellung:. Radio amateurs from around the country to send to the editor called diagrams and descriptions of their makeshift structures. For many numbers were published the most interesting work. Among the authors were Belarusians
In the middle of the magazine stated: «The West is represented quite widely Minsk, Mogilev and Bezhitsa [now - one of the Bryansk area.. - TUT.BY] ». At the same time leading Funkausstellung noted that almost all the work for the competition – it is a variety of designs radios. Only one model is presented TV
The results of the competition read avaricious lines: «In addition to valuable prizes the jury decided to award a diploma for the exhibits of the following comrades: [...] Bortnovsky – Minsk.. TV ». Unfortunately, no description of this unique design or magazine pictures is not placed.
In 1937, “Radiofront” holds 2nd correspondence Funkausstellung. On it was sent for 40 buildings (about 10% of all homemade), one way or another related to the television. Among the submitted designs – teleradiola Henry Bortnovsky, which won the 4th prize and has been described in detail in the journal number 3 for 1937:
« So this radiogram contains almost everything you may wish lover, except, perhaps, sound recordings. However, the latter is also provided in a separate console. In one sent by the author of the exhibits has also successfully engineered recorder », – admires the editors
In the future, Henry Bortnovsky going to finalize the design and build, as we would say today,” multimedia processor “, which would. combining in itself all known types of television and radiorazvlecheny.
at the bottom of the shelf can be seen teleradioly for records. Unfortunately, the quality of the photos in low log, and see the front cover in difficult details
Under the lid of a circular mirror seen:. Through him watch TV. The movable mirror and interchangeable lenses allow you to watch shows from different places relatively teleradioly – for example, from the side, as shown in the title picture on the article
Bortnovsky applied non-standard schema with a horizontal disc Nipkow. By the way, for the manufacture of the disc itself, he developed a compact machine, allowing high-precision punching holes. This machine has been described separately in the next issue of the journal
In general, the model magazine gives this assessment:. «Framed radiogram very carefully and thoroughly. The design is compact and thoroughly thought out. Teleradiola tons. Bortnovsky deservedly enjoyed great success at the Minsk City Funkausstellung ».
Henry Bortnovsky participated in the five-Union extramural exhibitions “Radiofront” magazine and a ten-Union Funkausstellung, presented to them 18 designs, and won 10 awards. In his autobiography he wrote: «In total, I did 6 or 7 TV. All of them were awarded at Funkausstellung ».
One of the latest telekonstruktsy wizard – the model of the TV with a kinescope 59LK2B developed in the late sixties. The tube with the controls placed on the table, and a block from the circuit board – under the sink or on one of the walls of the cabinet. This TV does not take up much space, and at the same time, all parts are easily accessible for adjustment or repair.
Henry Bortnovsky, creator of the first TVs in Belarus, died in 1996, 89-year life.
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