Russia changed in 2014. There was a cultural reboot. A culture in Russia is the most important – the economy, politics, everything said culture expert, chief editor of the magazine “Cinema Art” Daniel Dondurei.
The conversation with him began with the particular – the conflict around the Moscow Museum of Cinema, the founder of which Naum Kleiman announced his retirement with his colleagues due to a conflict with the new head Larisa Solonitsyna designated by the Ministry of Culture.
The question is not even in the conflict, and in the absence of loud reaction to the scandal on the part of those who are called Moscow intellectuals.
Daniel Dondurei says about why it happened:
– First, it is a common cultural reboot, which occurred in 2014. We live in a little different country after the events in Ukraine, not in the one that seemed to us before the New Year. Moreover, I am convinced that this development was prepared 22 years old, but it’s a great story, related to the fact that the revolution of 1991-1993 was placed in the air. And the Russian elites agreed not to change the consciousness of the country to the Emergency Committee continued to exist, develop, win, and business and liberal elites only served these ideals. Second – reboots and in the field of artistic culture, related to the fact that the government has realized that the market – a big one, as the market in relation to the ideological model generates a loyal community. Here, of course, in the center – the TV, the loyalty, the right company, the right consciousness, which forms the bulk artistic culture through sitcoms, talk shows, movies, all that is watched by millions of people, and it is related to visual culture, story-visual it preserves and builds the “Russian world”. This second process. In this regard, the artistic elite was split into two types – the author is a culture that requires a huge readership, culture, relatively speaking, to Cannes, Venice festivals on the one hand, and Culture Sunday evening shows at multiplexes, on the other hand. These are two different cinema, two different cultures, two different consciousness. It’s absolutely everything is different. Therefore, there was a split of elites, on the one hand, “Our Rashi”, “Stalingrad”, everything else, even the “Night Watch” is not invited to festivals, they are not described in the professional opinion of the world, they do not devote reviews in magazines and professional journals. That is, it is very different authors. So nothing is no single, creative unions in the country, which is always for unity answered no, because they own section where three where five, where seven different kinds of structures, they all managed from the administration, and so on. Therefore, a lot of factors that met in late October in connection with some Film Museum, which is not clear what the – is unclear whether it exists in the form of buildings, facilities, tickets, programs, films. Can you say girlfriend: “Come to the Museum movie, there is a retrospective of Chabrol”? Can not be said, this is nothing. For all these reasons, but they are actually even more was what happened.
The Museum of the film – this is the kind of culture that the state does not very support
– Film Museum – people or funds it?
– Usually the one and the other. Here you need to add more culture and priorities, and the priorities of the state policy in the sphere of culture. We fully understand that it is by the will of the State Museum has no premises. Granted, the cinematography – the fourth in the world, is among the ten, nominated sometimes, rarely, however, on the “Oscar” and once in 20 years gets these “Oscars” and so on. And even such prominent producers, as Konstantin Ernst, could not help the Museum movie, as once he was expelled from the premises built for him, and everyone got along without it, dividing the money. Then there were no accidents, do not know how much it costs, $ 10 million, 15 but no more – it’s funny money in comparison to the fact that the ministry spends. This money is being allocated in such a successful company as “Basileus” which is amazing and still makes money from the state gets irretrievable money, I’m not talking about the “Three T” (the company Nikita Mikhalkov. – RS) and all the others. If these 8 companies by 10% developed – here’s Film Museum for a year, no problems here. Because the Film Museum – this is the kind of culture that the state does not really support or support symbolically. I mean, complex films, challenging viewers thin film directors, conceptually and sometimes unofficially thinking about the fate of the homeland, not ready to shoot series – this whole complex. Why such an institution, if such an institution is no channel “Culture”, nowhere it is not, it is no use to anyone. Or need, but in very limited locations in cinema “Art” until recently, or in the “Horizon” with 400 seats, or in the “Pioneer” with 90 seats. There will come a 15-million city of 90 people and see the film Jarmusch or the Coen brothers, or someone else, or even a Russian film – sometime in February allowed to see the most nominees for the “Oscar” “Leviathan” Zvyagintsev.
The state measures today on patriotism pounds
The state is under a dual culture, Russian doublethink prescribed in the code. Here it is necessary, and this, incidentally, is a huge advantage of Russian culture, to say one thing, do another, mean 25th. Of course, we want the world to us recognize that we have been invited to festivals and so on. “Our Rasha. Eggs of Destiny”, we would be happy if this film opened the Cannes Film Festival. But this is not happening. And so today, all the state measures on patriotism kilograms, 374 kilograms of patriotism or just 109 pounds of patriotism and so on. As understood patriotism? I think that the film Zvyagintsev very patriotic. But if people see it, understand it differently, you can perceive that the average city mayor can destroy a family man completely, totally, without limit. It is understood that the mayor – only way to something else.
– Returning to the Cinema Museum – is it that people are more important than the funds because they , in theory, should create a cultural environment, as well as funds will lie, and no cultural environment around them will not be created, because it is of no interest to the state.
– No, I’m really really did not want to belittle the state. State of complex, multidimensional, contraption. When will build the festival palace cinema Nikita Mikhalkov, it seems, there will find some 100-150 square feet and say that we take back the Museum movie, you do not think that is what we for nine working days of the Moscow Film Festival on 42 thousand square meters of building a complex with a hotel, apartments and offices, no, we have and noble things. And there will be announced that this complex includes a museum of cinema. There will of course people like Solonitsyn. Bring back to the “Mosfilm” tens of thousands of items. It is implanted in the other sense of the institution and will run forever for Russia symbolic functions.
– Good thing you mentioned Mikhalkov, because I wanted to talk about it. The idea is that it should fully understand the importance of such things as the Museum movie, just for the professional community. Even in Soviet times, when there was a total ideological control, the authorities realized that the professional community should be given the opportunity to grow in, creating their own meanings, not climbed back and let in some sense, to live their lives, often hostile, or at least, unfriendly Soviet ideology. Konchalovsky, who understood who the father is, together with Tarkovsky wrote the script “Andrei Rublev”. These people understand that it is necessary to cook in an environment totally controlled by the state. Why now Mikhalkov, who went through it all, tough stands on the side of the state in the history of cinema around the museum?
Every single tutorial – it minus ten Nobel Prizes
– I think he realized that codes prescription has changed from the way Joseph Stalin, when in 1934 created the creative unions, he gave them the relative freedom gave them a lot of benefits, they have the right not to be parasites, they were given as a doctor of sciences right to a private room, the mass of any benefits. They build their houses of creativity, they pay extra, overpaid and stuff. Today it’s all changed, because there was a mass market, the mass market has its own laws, other principles, on the one hand. On the other hand – the state does not attempt to cultivate winners of the Cannes Film Festival, Nobel laureates, they move to Manchester.
– Is not it puts the state of such problems? After all, the government wants it.
– No, it declares, but it is not intended – it would be understandable. Because the government understands that any single textbook – it is minus ten Nobel Prizes. There are also smart people, they do not put these tasks, they have other problems – Gay scraped society where all is one. 2014 showed – they are very successful for their purposes are. A family Mikhalkovs very thin, it is really lovely reads the codes of the local culture. They do not cost the same, when the emperor gave them money for their latest films through VTB, say “let’s you give 10 percent more or less, we will roll back in VTB” or something else. Mechanisms for all they know they are clear. “And we are in this regard, we – the two brothers to build a museum of cinema.” This was not the same in the head was not. If they have not, and not others. Besides that one Westerner, and the second special monarchist with the understanding that there is a particular type of development. It does not matter, they are terrific read (that not everyone is able to) these codes. They know what to say, what to appoint ministers, what decisions to take, and so on. Communities are not here, it is destroyed, so the movie does not take quality, competitive in the world. No artists who might venture. Or so outlined the state. A creative unions, they have another problem – they function representation of professional and civil society. This state is very interested, it does not want to close the unions want them to be, collected, selected, report that their representatives sitting in the so-called public councils, supported by all the ideas of the state and so on. It was once called the “effective imitation”.
How can there be a country where the main production – manufacturing mass representations through television
– And now the culture is important for the Russian society?
– Culture is always important for the Russian society. Because you start from a narrow understanding of the culture, and I assume wide. Broad understanding of culture – is the production of meaning, is the production of representational systems, values, moral prohibitions and regulations, behavior patterns, stereotypes, archetypes, and so on. This is the culture. Until there is a viable company, and it is we have a very viable, the culture is, it exists, it is played. The question is, we are talking about a culture with which the content of what its model. But Russian culture so wisely that it prohibits, taboo understanding of the model, which it uses to manage the system. They do not study. I was at a seminar at Yassin Higher School of Economics, 150 intellectuals, including 100 PhDs. I think that even they could not offer hypotheses, just described, yes, search for enemies, and so on, will not list it in all the case studies. How can there be a country where the main production – not only in the sphere of ideology or culture, and above all the production – is making massive representations through television. Television produces culture. This is already a million of research, it is obvious, so it’s all recognize cultural reboot performed by him. I, as a television analyst, almost do not see the texts, I see no mention, I do not know of experts that could be interesting for me to analyze this crucial technology of production. Analysts, those who work with the content of those measures, those who build complex procedures, those isolates mechanisms can calculate the consequences, conducts sociological research. So, the main production of the Russian system of the world is totally taboo.
Culture stronger economy, stronger culture policy
– That is, Russia – is the country where the main production – a TV?
– In Russia, to a greater extent than others, because there is a culture important, it is not reformed almost 25 years, it ossified, it is saved, it is every year less than the corresponding challenges. She soon destroy the economy and so on. Because I assume maybe you over-seeming but simple or simply express ideas – culture stronger economy, stronger culture of politics, culture stronger culture in the form in which all culture is understood, that is, art culture, television, movies, theater, dance, library, books, shops and so on. Culture in its broadest sense as a true production of meaning is stronger than all of this together. Is everywhere, is a platform for all types of activities in the country.
Most good artist should not be a smart man
– In fact, all that is happening now, especially in 2014, as you call it gracefully, all of these recent events, the history of Ukraine and all that is happening in Russia in connection with this, people see through the TV screen. And in fact, the only thing that truly perceive, – is the artistic acts, some things like Porechenkova actor who wore a helmet with the words “Press” and started shooting somewhere. Or, say, with the other pole – is Pavlensky artist who cut off his ear lobe. How adequately culture can now describe what happens? If you read the life of Russia as a kind of coded chronicle of culture, how you interpret Porechenkova in a helmet and with a machine gun?
– He simply artist – this time. Most good artist should not be a smart man, you know. Then it is very hard every day to read different texts and to be different people. Therefore, it is itself a person who can make some thoughtless action – again. Secondly, he lives in the context of popular culture with the “Russian world.” Third, it is not only the client television, he and party, a member of the team of founders, as he appeared on the series, somewhere presides, is friends with Anna Mikhalkov had any weight functions. He is the creator and the customer, that is the victim of this cultural reboot. And for all these coincidences, he went there, wanted to be cool, because he is everywhere agent of national security, he is a hero Poddubnyi, he’s a big man, a hero, he still seems girlish dreams. Here is a compound of the second, third, first, 24th, and this stupid act. I think that if he had before this asked consultants who work with the TV, very smart people who supervise, for example, a talk show, they would not have advised him of such nonsense, would be invited, “Well better you come kuda then to Count Tolstoy, Peter Tolstoy to the first channel and there is a chat about it. ” Just call it coincidence of time and silly nature.
– This is more reminiscent of some fantastic films such as “The Truman Show” where Jim Carrey’s character lived in completely created for him a virtual reality .
– Of course, he lives.
– The whole country is so alive, it turns out.
– Maybe 9 out of 10 citizens so live. There own rules, laws, they have not been studied, and they are effective because they have not been studied. This is all important, it is also very thin technology, as I said, this is not reflective. It is impossible to imagine that the channel NTV, which over the years reveals that the police in Russia – bandits and gangsters – businessmen and businessmen-bandits can be policemen, and policemen – businessmen or gangsters, that they interfere and destroy all the time, transform promoting women in the head, as it is known, the female channel. And two weeks ago, he showed a film Pivovarova that Stalin launched the hunger of the 1930s due to the collective-farm movement. Can you imagine? They know, and they are masters and fellows that one transmission at 5000 should be such, then more people will relate positively to Stalin, because this figure is debatable, there are a lot, I will not tell you – it is the analyst’s why NTV puts
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