1. The weakening critical thinking. Means to achieve this result using the most cynical. As noted in an interview with Doctor of Psychology Elena Sokolova, “social reality is becoming more complex, unpredictable and frightening his uncertainty. A TV is also fear-mongering, deliberately bringing people to a state of chaos and panic. In the situation created severe stress may “crash” the mechanisms of rational thinking. People are easily likened to a crowd, where there are archaic instincts, simple emotion infection and uniformity. Human personality traits and thus washed away. People are waiting and eager to find those “strong” who offer them “order” and soothing dreams ».
The promotion of widely used methods of psychological manipulation, designed to dramatically reduce, if not block the ability of critical thinking
through an appeal to the feelings of the viewer or listener. While these feelings are – not always hatred. The promotion of a sense of pity operates, playing not only the worst, but on the best human instincts – for example, showing destroyed houses in the Donbas ilistradayuschih war children. Do not hesitate and open propaganda lie – remember the famous “crucified boys” and other similar subjects. A distinctive feature of propaganda from the usual reportage is here that the unbanked pity, pain, fear or “righteous anger” a person does not make it possible to rationally think about it excitedly plot. In the case of a rational, dispassionate analysis of the observer could make a natural conclusion that
all to show him the tragedies guilty aggressor, without which no war in the territory, in principle, it would not be.
Besides obvious that if the tragedies and the spectacle of the ruins of the previous reports of the “new offensive” and “new victories” terrorists have no doubt about who broke the truce and not to mention the fact that even the First Channel of Russian TV does not hesitate to show the militants fired Donetsk airport from the apartment house, going to the apartment to some old lady, and after firing frantically run away from her as to any innocent grandmother did not come “otvetka.” However, the Russian man in the street does not give an opportunity to think about these seemingly obvious things. He immediately give a ready answer ready image of the enemy – “punitive”, “junta” and behind them Americans, “destroying the civilian population.” “How to isolate manipulation? That’s when they say quickly – no pauses. Where there are no pauses, no place for reflection, “- says the already mentioned Elena Sokolova.
More often Russians slip a cocktail of emotions, designed to block at the time of receiving and processing the very possibility of thinking.
> This is the horror of war, and compassion for the lost, and the fear of rising to the panic and horror impending military threat. I have already mentioned the critical build-up of war hysteria in the Russian society, when several sources Russians constantly inspired the idea of the inevitability and justification of war, including nuclear. 2. Create an image of the enemy. When a person is already mentally prepared, he is given an answer to an unspoken internal and not a meaningful question about the perpetrators of the pain and fear in which he was immersed. The image of the enemy in the Russian propaganda is not very original, and with varying degrees of intensity formed several years. Certainly, it is the United States and those who are advocates call “American puppets”: from the Ukrainian authorities and ending the whole of Western and even Eastern Europe. An important factor here is that, unlike the myths of the “Ukrainian fascists” and “no Russian troops in Donbass,” in this part of the propaganda and believes the majority of Russian elites, and certainly – the security services. Remember how Putin himself declared fight in Ukraine “Legion of NATO.” About impending US aggression repeat the pillars of Russian propaganda, court advocates echo them that “Russia is drawn into the war,” reinforcing in the minds of Russians effect of a besieged fortress.
It is also significant that the image of the enemy formation occurs at all levels, and is designed for a variety of populations.
So, they are engaged, including the Kremlin-funded agencies “think tanks.” His work they carry out in the pseudo-scientific format, except insults and hysteria, and clearly designed not to narrow-minded audience, and to convince scientists, experts, government officials and intellectual elite.
As an example, so called “Crisis Center for Society”, led by “leftist” ideology Sergei Kara-Murza. In his article, the author of 7 June, he writes that when, during the Maidan, “the US Open launched its” hybrid “war, the Russian authorities had no choice but to take the Crimea under the protection and support Donbass».
«Should we understand what post-Soviet Russia after Yeltsin as the top US is not pleased. Why would they encourage too risky war …? “- Asks Kara-Murza.
Thus, instead of conceptualizing and adjust the criminal policy of Russia, the pro-Kremlin ideologist urges expert community conceptualize nonexistent US aggression!
In the same vein acts and the director of the Russian Institute of Strategic Studies (RISS) for the Foreign Intelligence Service and the Presidential Administration Leonid Reshetnikov, arguing that “the US is interested in weakening Russia’s positions. No matter – they are Democrats or Republicans. They see us as a competitor – even geopolitical and civilization. In this sense they approach one. But there are differences in how to achieve it ».
A completely different rhetoric used when exposed to different target audiences – impulsive youth, eager to participate in the” information war. ” Here, the course is an outright lie, manipulation of facts and distortion of meaning, in short, whipping hysteria even to a greater extent than on TV.
In this case, propagandists important important “contagion effect”: covered emotion users of social networks will be able to transfer maintaining momentum to other emotional intensity.
cite just one example. The famous “patriotic” blogger Sergey Kolyasnikov quoted in his “Live Journal” is quite a balanced and logical sentence of Barack Obama that Russia should stop praising the Soviet era; to understand the greatness of the country is not in the Territories, and the economic well-being, and advised to leave alone and Ukraine not to violate the Minsk agreement.
In general, nothing “seditious” in this phrase quite logical and quite restrained wishes. However Kolyasnikov gives Obama said quite irrational interpretation: “The territories also have to pay – the Caucasus, Siberia, the Arctic – not the greatness of the country’s territorial integrity, and the” economic well-being “of the elites. The only option that the United States and Europe believe for Russia and us acceptable – destruction. The rejection of this option – the war. ” Clearly, in this interpretation, even the innocent phrase looks a deadly threat to the country.
3. Linking all internal problems to external factors.
I mentioned earlier about the special inherent in the Russian people “a sense of homeland,” which the government has always sought and seeks to substitute. Russian has even played for the internal changes in Russia, I did not feel at the same time break with their country, and even felt their involvement in the processes occurring in it. However, in foreign policy, the common man feels his inability to dramatically influence events. Therefore, adopting the official foreign policy rhetoric, he makes up his own helplessness illusion involvement in historical events and a link to an abstraction, which is called “Russia».
At the same time understand the essence of man in the street to the external problems the procedure is more complicated than in the Interior. Abroad, he often was, and genuine attitude of Western countries does not know and therefore easily susceptible to manipulation, blaming external enemies of their own troubles.
4. The emphasis on the consolidation of society in the face of a military threat.
Again, it is on different levels and in different connotations: from aggressive calls to combat “natspredatelyami” to attempts at constructive association with the aim of solving problems. For the latter, for example, one expert calls “Center for the Study of the crisis of society” Maxim Vilisov. At first glance, nothing wrong with such appeals do not have, except for one important detail: the author calls to unite with those who criticize the internal rather than the external policy of the country.
«The current position, including an assessment of what happened in Ukraine , joining the Crimea – is the position of the majority of Russians. It was her West can not accept, on this occasion he is ready to support the opposition and to wage war, “- assures the author. At the same time the text begins with the words: “The West has declared war on Russia. This is not a value judgment, but a fact, “and the basic spirit of Article expressed in the words:” No one can beat people rallied when it acts in unison, of their own volition and deep conviction of individuals united by a common goal. ”
5. Formation of image of Putin as the only leader capable of resisting the military threat.
Here, in my opinion, any explanation is superfluous: a modern cult of Putin’s personality has already been said and written a lot, and the apogee of its expression was the film “President”. We only another method propagandists when instead to answer criticism of Putin essentially they begin to belittle themselves screams while falling to the lies and outright insults and abuse.
6. Preparing for the inevitable hardships in “time of war”. I uzheotmechala that, plunging the consciousness of the people in hell and the endless militaristic bullying constant specter of imminent war, including a nuclear war can be justified in the eyes of the population, any hardship, any deterioration in the economic situation. Threats looming nightmare will make people accept any other deprivation as a “lesser evil,” as the sacrifices that you can go to avoid this war.
7. We should also mention the creation of the West the image of a single, consolidated, ready for war Russia.
Clear that the impact on foreign audiences devoted to the work of special media such as RT or “companion”, but and “internal” propaganda may well be similar secondary task.
But the most important thing in this scheme is that its key and most essential element is the war. It is able to destroy its horrors critical perception of people is using it creates an image of the enemy, and formed a personality cult of Putin, it was she who laid the basis for the consolidation of society, and it explains the hardships, which is now, amid the collapse of the Russian economy will be more. So, the Kremlin has finally put himself in a trap, which can no longer be any end to the war or to turn off the destructive “TV button.” As long as it exuded aggression itself does not spill on Russian streets.
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